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具体要求:
a。 简要说明研究背景(backg肉nd)
b。 简要介绍总的发现(generalfindings)
c。 介绍具体要点(introductionofpoints)
d。 与现有发现(若有)进行比较(comparisoninthecontextofotherstu
dies)
e。 意义(suggestedmeaning)
f。 结论(conclusion)
g。 前瞻研究(futurestudies)
结论往往是论文中最长也是最难写的部分，主要原因是作者要对研究结果和发现进
行分析、推断、演绎和推理，要求作者具有很强逻辑思维能力和英语文字组织能力
。此外，这部分时态比较复杂，要分清实验过程和结果(过去时)与分析意见(确
定:现在时不确定或假设:过去时)的区别他人研究结果(过去时或现在完成
时)与本研究结果(过去时)的区别普遍适用的结论(现在时)与只适用本研究
的结论(过去时)的其别等。因此，对于however，may，might，could，would，
possibly，probably，belikelyto等词(组)的使用以及webelieve(think
/consider)that，toourknowledge，inourexperience(practice)等插入
语的使用就显得格外重要。
示例:
parenteralnutritionisbeingusedwithincreasingfrequencyasaprima
rysourceofcaloricsupportinadultandpediatricpatientswithgastr
ointestinalproblems。nume肉scomplicationshavebeenassociatedwith
theadministrationoftpn，includingasignificantlyincreasedincidenc
eofgallbladderdisease[3-5，7]。thedataheresuggestthatcholecyste
ctomyisoftenrequiredforthemanagementofsymptomaticgallbladderd
iseaseinthisg肉pofpatients，andisassociatedwithsignificantri
sks。[说明研究背景，包括意义]
ofthe35patientswhorequiredcholecystectomyfortpn-inducedgallbla
dderdisease，operativemorbidityandmortalitywere54percentand11
percent，respectively。maingot[8]hasstatedthatcholecystectomy“is
oneofthesimplestandsafestoftheabdominaloperations，andisass
ociatedwithalowoperativemortalityrate(about0。5percent)。arevi
ewofthepediatricliteraturesuggeststhatwhencholecystectomyispe
rformedinchildren，theoperativemorbidityislessthan10percent，a
ndthemortalityislessthan1percent。[8，9]glenn[11]hasreported
amortalityrateoflessthan0。1percentinover5，000patientsunder
theageof50yearswhoundertcholecystectomy。themorbidityandmo
rtalityobservedinourg肉pofreceivinglong-termtpn，therefore，we
refarinexcessofwhatwouldbeexpectedforapopulationofpatients
whosemeanagewas29years。[提出本研究主要发现并将其与其他研究发现相
比较]
ourdatasuggestthatarespecificfactorsuniquetopatientswhorequi
relong-termtpnthatcontributetotheincreasedmortalityandmorbidi
tyassociatedwithcholecystectomyinthisselectg肉p。[以下，作者用较
大篇幅分析了这类病人死亡率和并发症增高的临床、实验室和手术等方面的原因，
原文从略]
basedontheresultsofourstudies，webelievethatearlycholecystect
omyisindicatedinpatientswithtpn-inducedgallbladderdisease。obvi
ously，allpatientswithsymptomaticdiseaseshouldundergocholecystec
tomyunlesstherespecificmedicalcontraindications。theseoperations
shouldbeperformedinatimely，electivefashionbecausedelaymayres
ultintheneedforurgentsurgeryandthereby，increaseanalreadyhig
hrisk。althoughrecentstudieshavesuggestedthatcholecystectomymay
notbewarrantedinotherwisehealthypatientswithasymptomaticgallb
ladderdisease[20]，webelievethatthisaxiomdoesnotapplytopatie
ntswithtpn-inducedgallbladderdisease。outdatasuggestthatthenat
uralhistoryofgallbladderdiseaseinpatientsreceivingtpnisconsid
erablydifferentfromthatoftheircounterpartsnotreceivingtpn。bas
edonourfindings，werecommendelectivecholecystectomyinpatientsr
eceivingtpnwhengallstonesfirstappear。furthermore，cholecystectomy
shouldbeconsidered，especiallyinchildrenwithoutstoneswhoareun
dergoinglaparotomyforotherreasons。[从对结果的分析及与其他研究的比较
得出结论性意见，这是讨论部分最重要的内容]whethertpn-inducedgallston
escanbepreventedth肉ghdailystimulatedgallbladderemptyingawait
stheresultsoffurtherstudies。[前瞻研究]
5) 致谢部分
总的要求:alwaysgetapprovalofyourintentiontomentionsomeone
intheacknowledgementandapprovaloftheforminwhichyouwillprese
nttheacknowledgement，即:致谢词和致谢方式必须征得受谢人或单位的同意。